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Pre-Roman (Iron Age)


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By about 2,500 years ago much of the Vale Of Pickering and Scarborough area had many village settlements. A great many artifacts, and evidence from this era (Iron Age) has been lost possibly because of urbanisation, and extensive farming.
Roman Signal Station (At Scarborough Castle headland)

Evidence suggests the Castle headland was also occupied by an Iron Age village settlement, although the earliest visible remains are those of a Roman Signal Station (A.D.370).


The Iron Age (surprise) reflect the first general use of iron, and the probable migration of Celts into England. Iron was used in tools, weapons, wheeled transport, coinage, and art objects.

The Celts may have represented an expansion of an Indo-European language culture and belief system. It probably originated the Baltic states area (~3000 years ago), and moved as far West as Ireland and as far east as Iran and Northern India. Perhaps the remnants of Celtic beliefs can be gleaned in Hindu religion.

The Druidism was the religion of these (pre-Roman/Christian) Britons. Knowledge of them come from Roman and Greek writing. It is speculated that they believed in the immortality of the soul, and in reincarnation. According to Greek writers Diodorus Siculus and Tacitus they were heavily into human sacrifice, and used human entrails to consult the gods and predict the future.

Sacred groves, especially those of Oak trees, played an important role in their religion. It is also commonly believed that they were expert in astronomy.

Surviving artifacts suggest they possessed advanced skills and a great deal of ingenuity. There is no known writings from these people. Some have suggested that the Druid priests resisted the introduction of writing to protect their isolated privileges.

There was inevitably population explosions as agriculture ensured a constant supply of food. This caused mass migration of people throughout Europe, and tribal wars. Human sacrifices, and continual warring may have become an unwitting means of population control - as each community tried to maintain their share of limited resources.

Elaborate social order, ritualised religious activities, and beliefs probably maintained a semblance of control. Psychedelic drugs were probably used by sacrificial subjects, and by warriors before going to war with their neighbours.

Into this quagmire came the Romans with their disciplined armies, literature, and government. To the Romans, the Britons (as with all Celts) were barbarians. For three hundred years the Romans tried to Romanise their subjects. They introduced literature, build roads, towns and forts.


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